Skip to main content

Findings on prevalence of gender-based violence in EU Research and Academia

  • For some key findings of the UniSAFE survey, published in 2022, click here. For more information on the UniSAFE survey dataset and accompanying materials, click here.
  • The report on the multi-level analysis and integrated dataset can be accessed here.

UniSAFE questionnaire and accompanying materials

  • UniSAFE questionnaire in fourteen languages
  • For a checklist before survey launch and communication resources, click here.
  • For the UniSAFE survey briefing materials for Inviting respondents, click here.
  • For the UniSAFE survey invitation template, click here.
  • For the UniSAFE survey reminder template, click here.
  • For resources to communicate/announce a survey, click here.

Questions on prevalence of gender-based violence to include in existing institutional surveys

If you cannot run a separate survey on gender-based violence at your institution, we recommend adding a few questions to existing institutional surveys that are run on a regular basis. For example, surveys on staff/students’ well-being, students’ satisfaction surveys or course evaluations. Questions should cover prevalence of different forms of gender-based violence, including not only sexual violence and sexual harassment but also other forms, such as psychological or economic violence, from survivors’ and bystanders’ perspective as well as one question on the respondents’ reporting behaviour. As outlined before, we recommend describing concrete situations instead of using specific terms which might be understood differently. Find the questions below:
  • Prevalence Question from Survivors’ Perspective:

In the next set of questions, we would like to ask you about your experiences of gender-based violence with persons connected with your institution. Since you started at your institution, has someone ever done any of the following to you? (Please choose one answer for each line.)

(A) Interrupted you, spoke over you or addressed you in disrespectful terms in front of others
(B) Ignored you or did not speak to you
(C) Gave you hostile looks, stares, or sneers
(D) Harmed your work or studies through unfairly restricting access to financial resources (e.g. by withholding a grant, a travel allowance, a contract, a promotion, etc.
(E) Threatened to hurt you physically
(F) Made you take part in any form of sexual activity when you did not want to or you were unable to refuse
(G) Made sexually suggestive comments or jokes
(H) Stared or leered inappropriately at you
(I) Asked intrusive questions about your private life
(J) Bullied, threatened or attacked you online, e.g. via social media

❒ Prefer not to say
Answer Categories: (1) Yes (2) No

  • Prevalence Question from Bystanders’ Perspective:

Since you started at your institution, have you ever noticed someone else being harassed in any of the following ways?

(A) Interrupted, spoke over or addressed someone else in disrespectful terms in front of others
(B) Ignored or did not speak to someone else
(C) Gave someone else hostile looks, stares, or sneers
(D) Harmed someone else’s work or studies through unfairly restricting access to financial resources (e.g. by withholding a grant, a travel allowance, a contract, a promotion, etc.)
(E) Threatened to hurt someone else physically
(F) Made someone else take part in any form of sexual activity when they did not want to or they were unable to refuse
(G) Made sexually suggestive comments or jokes
(H) Stared or leered inappropriately at someone else
(I) Asked intrusive questions about someone else’s private life
(J) Bullied, threatened or attacked someone else online, e.g. via social media

Answer Categories: (1) Yes (2) No

  • Question on Reporting Behaviour:

Thinking now of the incident(s) of violence that you have experienced since you started at your institution, did you report it/any of them?

Answer Categories: (1) Yes (2) No (3) Prefer not to say

  • Question on Reporting Behaviour by Bystanders:

Thinking now of the incident(s) of violence that you have noticed or witnessed since you started at your institution, did you report it/any of them?

Answer Categories: (1) Yes (2) No (3) Prefer not to say

Existing survey questionnaires and validated instruments based on which the UniSAFE survey was developed

  • ARC3 Campus Climate Survey:
    • Administrator-Researcher Campus Climate Collaborative. (2015). ARC3 Campus Climate Survey.
    • Swartout, K. M., Flack, W. F., Cook, S. L., Olson, L. N., Smith, P. H., & White, J. W. (2019). Measuring campus sexual misconduct and its context: The Administrator-Researcher Campus Climate Consortium (ARC3) survey. Psychological Trauma: Theory, Research, Practice and Policy, 11(5), 495–504. Available here.
  • Change the course: National report on sexual assault and sexual harassment at Australian universities: Australian Human Rights Commission. (2017). Change the course: National report on sexual assault and sexual harassment at Australian universities. Sydney. Click here.
  • AAU Campus Climate Survey on Sexual Assault and Sexual Misconduct: Cantor, D., Fisher, B., Chibnall, S., Townsend, R., Lee, H., Bruce, C., & Thomas, G. (2015). Report on the AAU Campus Climate Survey on Sexual Assault and Sexual Misconduct. Click here.
  • FRA survey on Violence against women: European Union Agency for Fundamental Rights (2014). Violence against women: an EU-wide survey: Survey methodology, sample and fieldwork. Technical Report. Luxembourg. Click here
  • Survey on gender-based harm at the University of the Witwatersrand: Finchilescu, G., & Dugard, J. (2021). Experiences of Gender-Based Violence at a South African University: Prevalence and Effect on Rape Myth Acceptance. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 36(5-6), NP2749-NP2772. Available here.
  • Gender and sexual harassment in Higher Education in Sweden: Karolinska Institutet (Ed.). (2022). Survey on Gender-Based Vulnerability and Sexual Harassment in the Swedish Higher Education Sector. Click here.
  • National Survey of Student Experiences of Sexual Violence and Harassment in Irish HEIs: MacNeela, P., Dawson, K., O’Rourke, T., Healy-Cullen, S., Burke, L., & Flack, W. F [W. F.]. (2021). Report on the National Survey of Student Experiences of Sexual Violence and Harassment in Irish Higher Education Institutions. Dublin: HEA. Irish Higher Education Institutions. Dublin.
  • Power in the academy: staff sexual misconduct in UK higher education: National Union of Students and The 1752 Group (Ed.). (2018). Power in the academy: staff sexual misconduct in UK higher education.
  • Gender-based Violence, Stalking and Fear of Crime (Gendercrime): Ruhr University Bochum. (2011). Gender-based Violence, Stalking and Fear of Crime (Gendercrime): Research Report Publication. EU-Project 2009-2011. Bochum.
  • Sexual violence UCU member survey: University and College Union (Ed.). (2021). Eradicating sexual violence in tertiary education: A report from UCU’s sexual violence task group.
  • Measuring functional diversity of respondents: Callerstig, A. C., Guenther, E. A., Humbert, A. L., Klatt, S., Müller, J., & Sandström, U. (2019). Survey Analysis and Performance Indicator Research Report. Zenodo, available here.
  • Measuring gender beliefs: European Commission, B. (2014). Eurobarometer 76.1 (2011). Available here.
  • Measuring perception of violence: European Commission, B. (2020). Eurobarometer 85.3 (2016). Available here.
  • Measuring mental and physical well-being based on the Copenhagen Psychosocial Questionnaire (COPSOQ): Freiburg research centre for occupational sciences (Ed.). COPSOQ (Copenhagen Psychosocial Questionnaire). Click here